Defined benefit (DB) plans fared slightly better than defined contribution (DC) plans as the economy began its decline two years ago, underscoring the importance of rebalancing 401(k) accounts.

According to new analysis by Towers Watson, DB plans outperformed 401(k) plans by roughly 1 percentage point in 2008, even though both types of plans lost value. In addition, some DB plans actually reported small positive returns in 2008, though most DB plans incurred losses.

On the other side of the spectrum, all DC plans in the study had losses of at least 10 percent, and a few had severe losses greater than 40 percent, more than any DB plan in the study.

. . . Between 1995 and 2007, larger retirement plans -- both DB and DC -- experienced investment returns higher than those of smaller plans. During this period, the largest sixth of the analyzed DB plans outperformed the smallest sixth by approximately 3 percentage points, compared with a difference of approximately 0.7 percentage points between the median investment returns of the largest and smallest 401(k) plans.

“Size influences the performance of DB plans more than it affects DC plans because larger pension plans can afford to spend more on professionals to manage assets and use more sophisticated strategies,” said Mark Warshawsky, senior retirement researcher at Towers Watson. “On the other hand, 401(k) plan participants often do not optimize their investment strategies. Even with more investment education and better default investment options for 401(k) plan participants, DC plans do not replicate all the advantages of DB plans and are unlikely to outperform DB plans, which generally have extended investment horizons and economies of scale.”

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